home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- The Galileo spacecraft made the first and second close observations of asteroids in 1991
- and 1993, as it passed through the main asteroid belt on its way to Jupiter. The first
- encounter occurred nine months into the Galileo mission, while the probe was still
- gathering up speed through gravity-assists with Earth and Venus.
-
- On October 29, 1991, Galileo made the first asteroid encounter in history. The probe
- passed just 1,000 miles from the asteroid Gaspra at a speed of 18,000 miles per hour.
- Scientists collected pictures of Gaspra and other data on its composition and physical
- properties.
-
- Observations of Gaspra revealed a cratered, complex and irregular body about 22 by 14 by
- 12 miles. The asteroid also had a thin covering of dirt-like "regolith," a top-blanket of
- rock. Instruments on Galileo detected a possible magnetic field, indicating that the
- asteroid may have a large percentage of metallic components in its structure.
-
- On August 28, 1993, Galileo had a second asteroid encounter, with a larger more distant
- body called Ida. This asteroid is about 34 by 12 by 15 miles in size. It rotates every 4.6
- hours on its short axis. Like Gaspra, Ida seems to have a magnetic field, a sign that metals
- may be present.
-
- The closest approach that Galileo made to Ida was about 1,500 miles, at a relative speed
- of nearly 28,000 miles per hour. The images and other data revealed a surface covered
- with craters, suggesting a much greater age than previously thought. The surface of Ida is
- much older than that of Gaspra.
-
-
-
- Almost immediately, Galileo discovered the first moon of an asteroid. Ida's satellite was
- found in both a camera frame and an infrared scan. The 1-mile diameter satellite, later
- named Dactyl, was estimated to be about 60 miles from the center of the asteroid, in a
- roughly circular orbit.
-
- In the future, robotic and human missions to the asteroid belt may be sent to prospect and
- mine useful minerals, metals, and fuels for industry.